San Francisco de Asís Mission Church — buttressed adobe of Ranchos de Taos, the most-painted church in North America.
Field guides

The four building traditions.

Nearly every catalogued adobe house in the country belongs to one of four traditions — the inhabited Pueblo and Spanish Colonial originals, the Territorial-period hybrids, and the contemporary revival of earthen building. Each field guide below explains how to tell them apart on sight.

4 Traditions
1598 Earliest era
222 Catalogued
15 Exemplars

The architectural categories used in this catalog are working categories — useful in the field, and visible in the surviving record — not academic ones. The four traditions below are the ones that produced enough buildings to constitute a body of work. Properties that resist classification (the federal-survey outlier, the experimental monastery, the mining-camp duplex) are recorded in the catalog with the closest fit and flagged in the entry text.

Each guide opens with a hallmark example, an era range, and three diagnostic features — the lines you can pick out from the curb. Use them as a starting place; the state-by-state chapters have the full regional context.

4 field guides

The four traditions

Use the identifier →
  1. Luhan, Mabel Dodge, House № 01 · Plate

    Pueblo Revival

    1900 present

    The early-twentieth-century revival of Ancestral Puebloan and Spanish-Pueblo building traditions — thick earth-toned walls, flat parapeted roofs, projecting vigas, and softly rounded corners — that gave Santa Fe its now-protected look and remains the dominant regional manner of New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Colorado.

    Key Identifying features
    1. 01 Flat roof concealed behind a continuous low parapet
    2. 02 Stepped or softly rounded parapet corners that mimic weathered adobe
    3. 03 Round timber vigas projecting horizontally through the wall at the roofline
    Exemplars
    • Luhan, Mabel Dodge, House Taos, NM · NHL
    • Painted Desert Inn Petrified Forest National Park, AZ · NHL
    • Blumenschein, Ernest L., House Taos, NM · NHL
    • Navajo Nation Council Chamber Window Rock, AZ · NHL
    Read the Pueblo Revival field guide →
  2. Palace of the Governors № 02 · Plate

    Spanish Colonial

    1598 1821

    The original colonial-era adobe of the Spanish and Mexican periods — single-story rooms ranged around courtyards, thick load-bearing earthen walls, long covered portals on hand-hewn posts, and the deep, low silhouette that the Pueblo Revival a century later would look back to.

    Key Identifying features
    1. 01 Single-story rooms arranged around an interior placita courtyard
    2. 02 Massive load-bearing adobe walls, two to three feet thick
    3. 03 Long covered portal porch on hand-hewn wooden posts and zapatas
    Exemplars
    • Palace of the Governors Santa Fe, NM · NHL
    • San Francisco de Asís Mission Church Ranchos de Taos, NM · built c.1816 · NHL
    • El Santuario de Chimayó Chimayó, NM · built c.1816 · NHL
    • San José de Gracia Church Las Trampas, NM · built c.1760 · NHL
    Read the Spanish Colonial field guide →
  3. Fort Union National Monument № 03 · Plate

    Territorial

    1846 1912

    The hybrid New Mexico Territory style — adobe construction with American Greek Revival millwork applied on top. Fired-brick coping along parapets, pedimented white-painted window trim, milled wood porch posts, and a crisp Anglo overlay on an earthen body.

    Key Identifying features
    1. 01 Crisp parapet capped with a course of fired brick coping
    2. 02 Pedimented or squared white-painted trim around windows and doors
    3. 03 Milled lumber porch posts with chamfered or turned profiles
    Exemplars
    • Fort Union National Monument Watrous, NM · built c.1851
    • Double Eagle Restaurant Mesilla, NM · built c.1849
    Read the Territorial field guide →
  4. Christ in the Desert Monastery № 04 · Plate

    Modern Adobe

    1950 present

    Contemporary earthen building — stabilized and reinforced adobe, passive-solar siting, concrete bond beams, and code-compliant wall sections that keep the material alive. The living continuation of a tradition that has been built without interruption since 1610.

    Key Identifying features
    1. 01 Stabilized or semi-stabilized adobe brick with asphalt or lime additives
    2. 02 Reinforced concrete bond beam at the top of the wall
    3. 03 Continuous concrete footings carried below the local frost line
    Exemplars
    • Christ in the Desert Monastery Abiquiu, NM · built 1964
    Read the Modern Adobe field guide →
If you are looking at a house

The identifier carries the same vocabulary.

The identifier tool walks through wall thickness, surface finish, roof form, parapet line, viga treatment, and a handful of other diagnostic checks — exactly the features defined above — to estimate whether a property is true adobe, an adobe-style stucco revival, or something else. It then routes you to the field guide that best matches what you described.

Open the identifier →